This report offers a comprehensive assessment of Uttar Pradesh’s rural economy with a particular focus on agriculture, farmer livelihoods, and allied sectors. Through an in-depth analysis of production trends, cropping patterns, and policy interventions, it highlights the structural constraints facing the state’s agrarian economy. The report examines the challenges of input delivery, procurement, and extension services while evaluating the role of government schemes and institutional frameworks. Special emphasis is placed on the need for diversified rural livelihoods, enhanced value chains, and market linkages to drive inclusive development. Grounded in evidence from field visits and secondary data, the study presents actionable policy recommendations tailored to Uttar Pradesh’s demographic and economic context. It serves as a roadmap for strengthening rural resilience and ensuring equitable growth across the state.